1. Introduction
1.1. Background
Agriculture as the basis of the food security sector is an important sector in human civilization. This is because agricultural development and food security are interrelated and have a direct impact on the dynamics of the nation's or even the world's economy. In addition, the balance of a country's success can be seen from the independence in managing the agricultural sector as the basis for food security (Nurdianna, 2018). However, one of the main problems that occur in Indonesia is food security (Indraprahasta, 2013). The need for food is increasing but the production from existing agricultural land cannot meet these needs. The narrower agricultural land, the less labor in agriculture,
Meanwhile, Indonesia is an archipelagic country consisting of 17,499 islands, with a coastline of 81,000 km, but this decreased after East Timor separated from Indonesia. The ocean area is about 3.25 million km2 with 0.3 million km2 of territorial waters and 2.8 million km2 of archipelagic waters. Indonesia has enormous potential for coastal and marine resources. By utilizing the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), Indonesia is sovereign over marine natural resources and various interests in an area of 2.55 million km2 and the right to participate in utilization on the high seas outside the 200-mile EEZ limit, and management and utilization on the seas of the continental shelf. Natural wealth of marine and coastal resources owned by Indonesia, among others, such as fishery resources, biological resources such as mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mineral resources such as oil and natural gas, including other mining materials that have high economic value. Sloping coastal lands such as the East coast of Sumatra, the North Coast of Java and the West Coast of South Sulawesi which are generally geologically formed by fertile alluvial deposits and can become productive agricultural land. However, so far the utilization of marine resources is still far from optimal, especially in the fisheries sector. The development carried out which emphasizes on the land area causes the lack of development of the coastal area. This has an impact on the economy of coastal communities in general, which are still below the poverty line. In addition, development activities in land areas also leave various problems that threaten the sustainability of development, such as pollution,
Meanwhile, agricultural development plays a strategic role in the formation of the national economic system, this strategic role is shown through various aspects such as capital formation, supply of food, industrial raw materials, feed and bioenergy, absorbing labor, sources of foreign exchange, and sources of income, as well as conservation. environment through environmentally friendly farming practices (Suwantoro, 2008; Rusastra, 2012; Adenle et al., 2019). The sustainability of agricultural land resources and environmental quality as well as the sustainability of the production system are critical for agricultural businesses in tropical countries including Indonesia, this agricultural development paradigm relies on the nation's ability to realize community welfare with its own capabilities, and pay attention to the potential for environmental sustainability (Imanullah, 2017). ;
Based on the previous explanation, in realizing national food security, you do not have to always rely on agricultural land which decreases every year due to increasing settlements. Sophisticated technology also needs to be utilized as well as possible in supporting the agricultural system. Thus the application ofSmart Integrated Agri-Marineculture Management (SIAM2)can be a solution in facing national food challenges. By utilizing the sea as a farming activity by applying advanced technology based on IoT, it is hoped that it can realize national food security, maximize the potential of the sea, and become a sustainable agricultural system. In addition, the resulting product will be distributed to the public at large so as to create economic and social affordability in meeting food needs.
1.2. Objective
The purpose of this idea is to design the concept of integrated marine aquaculture management that can be carried out at sea by utilizing smart integrated aquaculture management so that it can realize food security as an effort to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
1.3. Benefit
The benefits of this idea are as follows.
1. Provide solutions in overcoming problems of national food security.
2. Realizing SDGs (Suistainable Development Goals) point 2, namely without hunger.
Conclusion
The increase in population followed by efforts to fulfill housing will have the potential to increase land use change and will have an impact on national food security. Meanwhile, Indonesia as a maritime country has enormous marine and fishery potential. It's just that the utilization of this potential is not optimal and tends to be oriented towards increasing production. Based on these problems, an integrated marine agriculture with IoT-based marine aquaculture was initiated, namely Smart Integrated Agri-Marineculture Management. The conceptual framework for this idea is the smart floating net cage (KJA smart), floating hydroponic system, and Smart Integrated Agri-Marineculture Management (SIAM2).. In realizing this idea, collaboration with various parties is needed, namely, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, the Department of Industry and Trade, and the private sector. The implementation of this idea can certainly be realized based on the synergy of cooperation from various parties starting from the planning, preparation, development stages, to the monitoring, evaluation and development stages. The implementation of this idea will take about eight years to complete, accompanied by various improvements and system improvements that will continue to be made. With this idea, it is hoped that it can help Indonesia realize national food security by utilizing sea level for farming and integrating it with aquaculture. By carrying out the concept of sustainable agriculture, it is hoped that SIAM2 can continue to increase agricultural productivity so that it can boost Indonesia's economic progress. Based on this explanation, it is hoped that this idea can contribute to realizing SDGs point 2, namely without hunger
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